ane. You look hot. What have you been doing (you/do)? - I (run). - Running in this heat? How far (you/run)? - Nearly ten miles.
two. What�southward the problem? Yous look a bit preoccupied. - Yes, I (recall) virtually Helen. - Why? Is in that location something wrong with her? - Well, she (act) so strangely lately. - In what fashion? - Well, some days when she arrives at work, I know that she (cry). And she (make) private calls when we�re all out at lunch. I just think that something�s going on. -...(you/talk) to her about information technology however? - Yes, a few times, and each time she (say) that in that location�south zippo wrong but I�m not so certain.
iii. Where (you/exist), Simon? - I (talk) to Marking on the phone. He says he (endeavour) to phone us all twenty-four hour period. - Well, I (be) in about of the solar day but I (not hear) the phone. - That�s strange. Merely anyhow, he (have) a telephone telephone call from Jackie�s mother and Jackie (be) in some kind of accident. It�s aught very serious merely she�south got to stay in hospital overnight. - Oh beloved. ...(she/suspension) any bones? - I�yard not quite sure how desperately she (be hurt), just I remember we should go and see her tonight.
Do 45
Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense: the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
i. Peter: You (telephone) for ages. You not nearly (terminate)?
Jack: I (non become) through yet. I (effort) to become out Paris part but the line (exist) engaged all morning.
2. Ann (fail) her driving exam three times considering she�s and then bad at reversing. But she (practice) reversing for the last week and I recall she (get) a bit improve at information technology.
3. Tom: I often (wonder) why Bill left the country so suddenly.
Peter: Actually, I just (find) out.
four. He (play) the bagpipes since half-dozen o�clock this morning. He but but (end).
v. Tom (looking up absent-mindedly as Mary comes in): Yous (sunbathe)?
Mary (crossly): Don�t exist ridiculous! It (rain) all mean solar day!
6. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last calendar week. I (Watch them from my window since they began.
seven. Someone (use) my umbrella! It�s all wet! And it was wet yesterday and the day before! -Well, it wasn�t me. I (not be) out of the house for a calendar week.
eight. The police (not find) the murderer yet, but the expressionless human�s brother (be) in the station all twenty-four hour period. The police say that he (assist) them with their enquiries.
ix. They (pull) down most of the houses in this street, just they (not bear on) the old shop at the corner yet.
x. Tom is convinced that at that place is gold in these hills only we *search) for six months and (not see) any sign of information technology.
eleven. I (await) for the prices of the houses to come down before buying a business firm, merely I think I (wait) too long and the prices are kickoff to go up again.
12. Peter (be) a inferior clerk for three years. Lately he (look) for a better post merely so far he (not find) anything.
13. I (practice) housework all forenoon and I (not finish) yet. - I (practice) mine already. I ever first at half dozen a. m.
fourteen. I just (selection) x pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years simply I never (take) such a proficient ingather before.
15. What you (do) with the corkscrew? The point is cleaved off. - I�m afraid I (use) it to brand holes in this tin.
16. She just (sell) 2 of her own paintings. - She�due south lucky. I (pigment) for v years and I (not sell) a unmarried moving picture nevertheless.
17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next flat. - This (happen) before? - Well, they (have) a good many rows simply this ios the first time they (throw) crockery.
18. What you (do) with my typewriter? I tin can�t find it anywhere. - Tom just (go) off with it. He says he�ll bring it back when he (finish).
xix. He works for Crow Brothers for forty years and never once (be) belatedly. The house just (present) him with a gilt lookout man equally a sign of their appreciation.
20. We (mend) sheets all morning time merely we just (practice) three, and now the sewing machine (pause) downwards so nosotros�ll be even slower with the next one.
21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left schoolhouse. Now he (collect) so many that e doesn�t know where to put them.
22. I (wait) through my onetime photograph album. It�s full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.
23. It was lovely at eleven o�clock, only since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I�yard afraid the fine spell (come) to an end.
24. Since he became Mayor, my blood brother reckons that he (consume) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?
25. Secretary: Customers (band) upwards all forenoon lament about getting incorrect bills.
Manager: I know; something (go) wrong with our reckoner. The mechanic (work) on information technology. I promise he (find) out what is wrong.
Exercise 46
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
Andrew and Michael, two friends, are talking.
| A: | Hi, I haven�t seen (non encounter) you lot for ages. |
| K: | No, information technology must be about two years since we final (meet). What (y'all/do) with yourself? |
| A: | I (do) all sorts of things. Life (be) very busy lately. I (start) a new task at the sailing center. |
| Chiliad: | Really? Doing what? |
| A: | I (teach) beginners� courses to school groups this term but when those (finish), I�ll exist teaching more than avant-garde groups on holiday courses. |
| Chiliad: | That sounds swell. What about your old job at the tourist function then? |
| A: | Well, I (piece of work) there for ten years and I quite (relish) the chore merely I (desire) to do something different. I (e'er/savour) sailing in my spare fourth dimension so I (think) it would be nice to do it for a task. |
| G: | And then how long (you/be) at the sailing center? |
| A: | For about two months now. I�m sure I (do) the right thing. Information technology�s a really enjoyable task. And what about you? |
| Yard: | Well, I�m however at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (work) there for fifteen years now. But I (have) a promotion, so that�due south good. They (requite) me the task of head receptionist. |
| A: | Oh, that�s good news. |
| M: | Yep, information technology (brand) me feel much better about work. I hateful, I (exercise) a lot of different jobs at the hotel but I (never have) a job with this much responsibility before. I (work) on the reception desk for four years when I (kickoff) at the hotel - that was earlier they (motion) me into the office - but I (be) only a junior receptionist then so I just (do) what I (exist told) to do. |
| A: | So when (you/get) the new task? |
| Chiliad: | A month ago, subsequently (pass) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while now? |
| A: | No, I didn�t realise. |
| 1000: | Yes, I (decide) that I (cannot get) whatever further at work without learning some languages. |
| A: | And so you did! What a good thought. |
Section VI. By Perfect Progressive
Chart 16. Past PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Practise 47
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
He (identify)a movie on the easel and (let) me look at it for a minute or two; then he (take) it down and (put) another in its place. He (show) me about xxx canvases. It (exist) the result of the six years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a picture. The canvases (be) of different sizes. The smaller (be) pictures of nevertheless-life and the largest (exist) the landscapes. There (be) about half a dozen portraits.
Exercise 48
Put the verbs in brackets into the by uncomplicated, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. She (have) the packet from me and (sit down) down on the floor to open it. His eyes (smile) now. She (lift) out the doll and (wait) at me. �It�s very pretty,� she (say).
two. There (be) only ane audio to be heard in the street, but no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) it than he (quicken) his step at once.
iii. She (plow) the light back on, (lie) on the sofa and (take) upwardly the book she (read).
4. For a moment after the door (close) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino but (stand up) and (look) at each other.
5 He (let) the edge of the blind fall and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand up) (walk) out of the room.
6. We (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to retrieve of some possibility we (overlook).
7. His secretary (take) the paper from the table where he (put) information technology, and (go) out.
viii. It (be) near midnight when they (come) in from dinner, still laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.
9. There (exist) a silence. Andrew (sit down) still for a moment. The situation (be) worse even that he (imagine).
10. Lester (sit down) down in his piece of cake-chair by the window afterward his brother (go) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing city.
xi. She (get) to her anxiety, (slip) into her coat, and (get) to the door, when she (open) it, she (await) dorsum at her mother.
12. Irene (stand up) past the piano, she (take) off her hat and a lace scarf she (wear), so that her gold-coloured hair (be) visible.
13. We (milkshake) hands. I (feel) so shy that I could call back of nothing to say, but Mrs. Manning (come up) to my rescue. She (ask) me what I (practice) with myself during the summertime, and with this help I (manage) to make some conversation.
xiv. It (be) 2 o�clock. Eliza (be) all of a sudden thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. It (rain), the style it (rain) for days.
15. When Fleur and her begetter (go) upward, Michael (light) a cigarette and (laissez passer) dorsum into the �parlour�. He (sit) downwards at the clavicord.
16. John (be) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a half years agone.
17. At this moment the curtain (go) up again. Since Laurie Anderson (non announced), Soames (be) obliged to go along awake.
eighteen. When he (reach) Andrew, whom he (see) half mode down the street, he (give) a theatrical outset of recognition.
19. Sue (look) at me with those pleasant eyes of hers, which (be) as sympathetic as they (be) more than than xx years before.
20. They (gallop) back along the rails. The sun (become) down even faster than he (think), the air (grow) common cold, the light grey.
21. In his plow Jolyon (look) dorsum at his son. He (desire) to talk near many things that he (be) unable to talk virtually all these years.
22. The teacher (rise) from her seat and (get) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (make).
23. They (potable) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).
24. She (be) at the station later on all, standing simply as he (imagine), apart from the others.
25. When she (finish) her simple tale, for she hardly (be) abroad from dwelling, there (be) silence, till John (say): �It�s half past seven only.�
26. He just (cease) his work and with a mild sense of achievement (write) the label when the surgery bell (ring), the outer door (swing) open, and a short, powerfully thickest red-faced man of thirty (stroll) in, followed by a dog.
27. That evening Denny (arrive) as he (promise), for supper. He (bring) a bulletin from Hope, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to get to London that evening.
Exercise 49
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and by perfect progressive.
ane. Jack (clamp) the pencil he (use).
two. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, at that place (exist) times she (weep).
three. Turning away, Gwen (move) to close the cupboard Demerest (wait) into.
4. Through the open window he could see the chair where Eliza (sit down) the previous nighttime.
5. He (look) upwardly once more later Mr. Oakroyd (stand) there a infinitesimal of two.
half-dozen. He (sit) downwards contrary her and (lift) the large drinking glass of tomato plant juice out of the ice in which it (rest).
7. So he (listen) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her mind all the afternoon.
viii. Carefully she (close) the magazine, turning downwardly the corner of the page that she (read).
Practice 50
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect progressive.
1. That evening, that Monday evening, I (get) a telephone telephone call when I (eat) dinner at the club.
ii. My sis�s birthday (exist) the only thing anybody (talk) at dwelling house for the last two weeks.
three. I (become) back to the hotel and up to my room, where I (expect) my parents at half-dozen-thirty.
four. Presently he (turn) to greet her, who (stand) at his elbow.
5. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (stop) abruptly.
6. He just (exit) for the airport when Dip (call).
7. What are yous thinking of? - he (ask) after he (look) at me for a few seconds.
viii. At nine in the morning time she (stand up) on the steps in front of the hotel, shivering in a linen dress.
ix. He (not say) where he (sleep) and (accept) the appearance of not having slept at all.
Practice 51
Put the verbs in brackets into the past unproblematic, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. He (leave) a message that he (telephone call).
2. A young man who (stand up) on the pavement (come) forward.
3. She (run into) her daughter�s eyes, but (seem) not to hear what she (say).
4. A young man at whose feet she (sit), (ascension) and (stand up) before Michael.
5. He once more (come) to the hamlet where he (live) in childhood.
vi. They (be) silent a moment. She (await) for him to speak.
7. James (return) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).
8. The town (be) not large, but he (not be) sad he (come) hither.
nine. Michael (become) back into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand) nigh the window.
ten. I (endeavour) to remember what I (do) during that time.
eleven. When their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) without speaking.
12. When he (dress) he (become) downstairs, (write) a long letter of the alphabet to his parents and another to his sister.
13. �You lot are welcome,� she (say) and (walk) back to where she (sit) with her little son.
xiv. When he (come up) home, he (see) that something (happen) to his daughter.
fifteen. While he (read) this notice a center-aged woman (appear) in the doorway.
16. She (sit down) at the table but five minutes when a auto (come).
17. Their begetter (be) nonetheless silent, even when they (take) coffee.
18. Eighteen years (go) since he commencement (get) into this firm.
19. John (wait) until Eliza and her brothers (become).
20. The three (sit down) downwardly to the meal that Susan (prepare).
21. I (non exist) here ten minutes earlier they (come) in.
Exercise 52
Put the verbs in brackets into the by simple, by perfect and past perfect progressive.
ane. He (give) me back the book, (give thanks) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; just I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.
ii. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9:30.
iii. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) set up in the hall.
4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife e'er (practise) that before she (leave) the firm.
5. All he (have) to practice (exist) to decide whether or not to have his overcoat with him. In the terminate he (decide) not to.
6. At 8:thirty he (option) up his case, (go) out of the firm and (slam) the door behind him.
7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front end door.
eight. When he (search) all his pockets and (observe) no key he (recall) where it (be).
nine. He (go out) it in his overcoat pocket.
10. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket likewise.
eleven. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (exist told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, and then I (be) quite surprised to find that it was but raining.
12. I (enquire) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) whatsoever fog since the previous February.
13. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come up) at quite the wrong time.
fourteen. Nonetheless, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Artery.
fifteen. He (acknowledge) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not exist) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16. When the former lady (return) to her apartment she (see) at once that burglars (suspension) in during her absence, because the forepart door (be) open and everything in the apartment (be) upside down.
17. The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only merely (get out) considering a cigarette was still called-for on an ornamental tabular array.
18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming upwards and (run) down the fire escape.
nineteen. They (help) themselves to her whisky as well but there (be) a picayune left, so she (pour) herself out a drink.
20. She (wonder) if they (discover) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.
21. The jewellery (exist given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before.
22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.
23. At present it (seem) that fate (have) the thing out of her hands, and certainly the insurance money would come up in handy.
24. I (put) the $5 note into one of my books, but next day it (take) me ages to find it considering I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
25. A adult female (come) in with a baby, who she (say) simply (eat) a prophylactic pin.
26. I (think) my train (leave) at fourteen:33, and (exist) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14:xxx and (acquire) that it only (leave).
27. I (discover) afterward that I (apply) an out-of-date timetable.
28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come up) out of the store ten minutes later his car (be) no longer there.
29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the constabulary (bulldoze) it away.
thirty. It (be) now 6 p. m.; and Jack (exist) tired considering he (piece of work) difficult all mean solar day.
31. He (be) likewise hungry because he (accept) nothing to eat since breakfast.
32. His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at tiffin time, but today for some reason she (non come up).
33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her earlier.
34. I (await) out before I (go) to bed and (run across) a man continuing on the opposite pavement watching the business firm.
35. When I (get up) the following forenoon he (be) all the same there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or of he (go) abroad and (come) back.
Department Seven. Future Forms
Future with will
This is too referred to as the time to come uncomplicated or simple futurity tense.
volition (�ll) + bare infinitive: I will (I'll) go, etc.
Brusk form of will non: won't
Utilize
� To make a argument of fact or a prediction about the futurity: Mary will be here tomorrow. Tonight's plan will be very interesting.
� To make formal announcements of time to come plans and to present weather forecasts. Information technology is therefore often used in newspapers and on the tv set and radio.
The new President will move into the White House tomorrow. Pelting will continue throughout the day.
� To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the future. Used later on verbs like: assume, believe, incertitude, expect, promise, reckon, suppose, think an6 be certain/afraid and with adverbs similar perhaps, maybe, probably, definitely.
I expect they'll be here soon.
Practice yous think she'll bring her beau with her?
� In sentences containing clauses of condition or fourth dimension: //" / get that job, I'll go out and gloat. I'll telephone you when I get there.
� To express an intention when the decision is fabricated at the fourth dimension of speaking.
a: There isn't any milk left. a: Oh, isn't there? I'll get some in boondocks. I'grand going there afterwards on.
� To express the idea of willingness:
I�l l exercise it for you lot, I hope, (promise)
Will you open the window, please? (request)
I�ll fifty ook afterwards the children for you. (offering)
He won't come with me. (refusal)
Yes. I�ll come with you. (agreement)
I�ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (determination)
Finish that or I� ll call the police. (threat).
� To make offers or suggestions or to inquire for suggestions, advice. instructions.
Use Shall I/we. in the Question grade.
Shall I help you with that? (offering)
Shall we invite them round for dinner? (suggestion)
What shall I practice?
Shall we come round after dinner?
Note The use of shall
� In spoken English language. shall is most often used in the question grade with I or we to make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice, instructions.
Shall I come with you lot?
What shall nosotros do tomorrow?
� Shall is occasionally used to express strong decision about oneself or someone else.
I shall get anyhow.
I don't care what you recollect.
I shan't let him bello me.
Yous shall have any you lot want.
� Shall can be used in the same way as will in the beginning person but volition is more common.
In spoken English, the contraction � ll is the nigh common. Shall is used more frequently in formal written English than in breezy written or spoken English.
Nosotros shall brand every try to answer your enquiry as before long as possible.
I shall exist at the airport to meet y'all in person.
Exercise 53
Complete the post-obit sentences with will/�ll or shall/�ll and a verb from the box.
Offer brand tell have buy drop launder announce receive be sentenced telephone carry be invite get
i. I'grand sorry about losing that book. I�ll purchase y'all some other 1 side by side calendar week.
two. I 1 of those cases for y'all.
iii. The temperature .. significantly during the afternoon.
iv. .. you .. me when you get the news? You've got my number, haven't you?
v. The Chancellor .. the details of the budget at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
6. ..we.. her the truth about what happened?
seven. I expect they .. here soon.
8. You lot .. your examination results past post during the first few days of August.
9. I.. non .. them here once again, whatever you say.
10. If he is found guilty, he .. to life imprisonment.
xi. I.. never .. the same mistake again.
12. ..nosotros.. for a swim this afternoon?
13. They definitely .. non .. me the chore: I had a terrible interview.
I .. these plates?
15. I'k adamant that he everything he wants.
Exercise 54
Put the verbs in brackets into the hereafter simple. Watch the employ of the future elementary tense.
1. I (know) the result in a week.
2. You (exist) in Rome this evening.
3. You (have) time to aid me tomorrow? 4.
Practise yous call back that he (recognise) me?
5. I hope I (discover) it.
6. I (remember) this day all my life.
7. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.
8. I am sure that you lot (like) our new house.
9. I hope he (remember) to buy bread.
10. I wonder how many of us however (exist) hither next year.
xi. Jack (be) xx years sometime next week.
12. I (get) up early tomorrow.
13. The female parent (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow.
14. We (have) a holiday next week.
15. Mary and her sister (clothing) their new dresses tomorrow.
16. I (do) my homework tonight.
17. She (stay) at dwelling house tomorrow.
18. I (see) my mother this night.
19. Where the children (go) in the summer holiday? � They (go) to the seaside.
20. They (stay) with usa side by side Christmas.
Chart 17. Will Versus Be Going to
| To express a PREDICTION - either Volition or Be GOING TO is used: |
| a) According to the weather condition report, it will exist cloudy tomorrow. b) According to the weather study, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. c) Be careful! You� ll hurt yourself! d) Sentinel out! You� re going to hurt yourself! | When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement about something s/he thinks volition be true or will occur in the futurity,), either will or be going to is possible. There is no difference in pregnant between (a) and (b). There is no difference in pregnant between (c ) and (d). |
| To express a PRIOR PLAN - only BE GOING TO is used: |
| east) A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I� g going to pigment my chamber tomorrow. f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the passenger vehicle to piece of work. He is going to purchase a car. That�s what he told me. | When the speaker is expressing a prior plan (something the speaker intends to do in the time to come because in the past southward/he has made a plan or decision to do information technology), only be going to is used.* In (f): The speaker knows Bob�s intention to buy a car. Bob fabricated the decision in the by and he intends to act on this conclusion in the future. Will is not advisable in (e) and (f). |
| To limited WILLINGNESS - merely Will is used: |
| g) A: The phone�south ringing. B: I� ll get it h) A: I don�t sympathize this problem. B: Inquire your teacher almost it. She� ll assistance you. | In (g): B. is saying: �I am willing, I am happy to get the telephone.� He is not making a prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the phone and uses will to testify his willingness. In (h): B. feels certain about the teacher�s willingness to aid. Exist going to is not appropriate in (k) and (h). |
*COMPARE:
Situation 1: A: Are you busy this evening?
B: Yes. I�grand going to meet Jack at the library at seven Nosotros�re going to study together.
In situation i, simply be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, and so he uses be going to.
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